An example of this in Ethiopia is the creation of refugee camps, which are often of shoddy construction, meaning that the most vulnerable populations are at the most risk of flood. Dire Dawa, the second largest city of Ethiopia, has been suffering from disastrous floods in its history. Seasonal Flooding Vulnerability, Cause, Impact and Coping Strategies in Southern Ethiopia Urban Areas - Geography - Academic Paper 2012 - ebook 29.99 € - GRIN National Meteorological Agency Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. The region is prone to cycles of flood and drought. The 2020 East Africa floods were a natural disaster in Rwanda, Kenya, Somalia, Burundi, Ethiopia, Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti and Tanzania, affecting at least 700,000 people.They began when excessive rains began falling in March, leading to massive flooding and landslides. They caused more than 430 deaths, notably in Kenya and Rwanda. “The flooding was caused as the Awash River overflows and affected 10 out of 17 counties in the region.” There was no word of any deaths. The biggest factors that determine flood height and size are climate, topography of local land, and basin size. Impervious surfaces can increase flood damages by reducing the lands potential to absorb some of the flood waters, instead water will flow off the surface and continue without impediments, moving more quickly than it otherwise would. Floods in the US: Where they happen and why? US Geological Survey Circular, 1245. The slope of a drainage basin (the total area of land where water flows into an individual stream) will determine how water will interact with the river in terms of erosion and flooding. When a river becomes swollen because of larger or longer flow than normal, water will exceed the banks and overwhelm methods of flood preparation causing floods. The top image, taken by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite on November 18, 2008, shows floods along the Wabe Shabele, where the impact was most severe. The heavy rainfall and discharge of filled dams in some areas, have caused flooding and landslides, displacing people in several parts of the country. Flooding also destroys crops and can wipe away trees and other important structures on land. Flooding causes many problems, including the erosion of the top-most layer of soil (which is often the most fertile), property damaged, downstream increases in sediment, increase of fertilizer used in agriculture (due to loss of most nutrient-rich topsoil), and more pollution downstream (due to applied fertilizers upstream). Officials have said at least 22 died in flooding there in October, the Associated Press reported. Some 500,000 people were so far affected, including some 300,000 displaced. Local topology is the main determining factor for rivers. Erosion of soil worsens flooding. Due to the Indian Ocean Dipole and the El Nino Southern Oscillation, the short rainy period has recently experienced much more yearly variability. Heavy rains starting on November 2 pushed several rivers in southeastern Ethiopia over their banks. The multidimensional causes of flood hazard and limited landscape based mitigation strategies in the study area have worsen the impacts of flooding. Retrieved from http://www.meteo-ethiopia.net/climate.htm, How regional weather systems effect flooding in Ethiopia. Floods. Ethiopiaâs climate is similar to other countries in Eastern Africa in that it experiences two main rainy seasons: a period of long rains between June and September, and a season of short rains from March to May. So flooding in Ethiopia affects many people in the region who depend on the Nile River for their livelihoods. Retrieved from http://www.geoforcxc.com/water/river-features/. 2012) revealed that flood was caused by encroaching to riverbanks, poor housing, lack of early warning information, dam breaking, heavy rainfall, dumping solid waste in drainage channels and land use changes. This ongoing cycle influences how much water a river usually holds and its capacity to overflow causing damaging floods. A large majority of Ethiopiaâs population lives here, the rest live on the flatter areas and work as farmers. These places will experience higher magnitude flow of water because the topology will force warm air laden with moisture against the mountains, lifting up the clouds, which cool as they rise and are unable to retain their water so it is released as precipitation. Deforestation in Ethiopia: Causes, Impacts and Remedy 1Tigabu Dinkayoh Gebru 1Master of Science in Production Forestry 1Department of Natural Resource Management, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia, _____ Abstract - Ethiopia is an agrarian country with a great topographic range from 110m below sea level at Dalol Depression In large river basins, large floods occur after persistent climate conditions, such as seasonal snowmelt. The flooding of 6 August, 2006 was unprecedented and caused severe impacts in the city. The short rainy season in southeastern Ethiopia typically runs from October to January. Costa, Jon E., & OâConnor, Jim E. (2003). On 5 August 2006, torrential rains caused the Dechatu River to burst its banks, causing serious flash flooding in the region of Dire Dawa. Whenever flooding takes place, there is the possibility of loss of life, hardship to people, and extensive damage to property. Similar study conducted in Nigeria (Ologunorisa and Adejumo 2005; Agbola et al. General causes of flooding This year's flooding along Awash river was mainly caused by heavy rainfall in the eastern highlands and escarpment areas of North Shewa and Welo and not because of heavy rain in the upper watershed areas (i.e. Gambella region is one of the regional states in Ethiopia that has been hit particularly hard by floods. (2008, November 18). Trends and Spatial Distribution of annual and seasonal rainfall in Ethiopia. Intense Seasonal Floods in Southern Africa, NASA Goddard Space Studies show that the location of many large floods is related to a unique combination of regional climatology, topography, and basin size. However the effects of this increased precipitation can be felt far away as the flood waters can reach distant areas that are low lying and these low-lying areas will also experience a more disastrous effect, especially where many people live close to the banks of rivers in a valley. Doi: 10.1002/joc.1623. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. (2014) Indo-Pacific Sea Surface temperature influences on failed consecutive rainy seasons over eastern Africa. Doi 10.1007/s00382-013-1991-6. Compared to October 26 (lower image), the river has widened. Urbanization, and the changing of land use from vegetation to impervious surfaces along streams and rivers increases the hazard posed by floods. Bright green vegetation lines the river, while brushes of green accent the arid landscape elsewhere in the scene. The water cycle circulates particles of H2O throughout the earth, and flooding is one of the byproducts. Record floods cause deaths and widespread damage in Sudan August 28, 2020 September 4, 2020 Ethiopian Monitor #flood , #Nile river , #Sudan KHARTOUM – Floodwaters in Sudan have reached the highest levels on record, killing dozens of people, destroying thousands of homes and encroaching on some neighborhoods of the capital Khartoum. More than 580,000 people have been displaced by the flooding in Somalia, according to the most recent statistics from the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA). Damage from flooding is often large due to the combination of fast-moving water and the many people who live, work, and develop property along a river. Video compiled by Lotanna Obodozie, LJ Conley, Alex Rodgers, and Frankie De Cristofaro: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vV-loe9rLuM&feature=youtu.be. The images are enhanced with infrared light to make water stand out from the surrounding landscape. Where and why do floods occur in Ethiopia? In small river basins, floods are often the result of intense precipitation due to convective storms. This study focused on finding out flood causative factors and the impacts of flooding on the socio-economic sectors of Dire Dawa. Flood causes in particular basin size can be pinpointed. Addis Abeba, Oct. 09/2019 –Areas along the Baro River bed flooded following heavy rains, 353 households displaced On 2 October, heavy rainfall in Gambella Town has led to the overflow of Baro River, flooding areas along the river bed. (2006) Natural Hazards: Earthâs Processes a Hazards, Disasters, and Catastrophes. Erosion over a long period can create large floodplains adjacent to rivers because sediment that has been eroded away eventually settles creating a flat area on either side of a stream. This is because flooding can carry bridges, cars, houses, and even people. Another way to increase the risk of floods is to increase the amount of impervious surfaces in flood-prone areas. The loss of vegetation cover (by deforestation, drought, or other natural causes), loose soil, urbanization, land covered by impervious surfaces, and steep slopes are the main factors that affect the amount of soil erosion and thus increase the damage caused by flooding. Floodplains are the flat areas created from years of overflowing channels of rivers and streams. Funk, C., & Hoell, A. Importance of the Nile River’s origins in Ethiopia; Seasons in Ethiopia; Flooding in Ethiopia. Ethiopia is one of the largest countries in East Africa, and its topography has made the country vulnerable to floods and the resulting destruction and damage to life, economics, livelihoods, infrastructure, services, and health systems (18). Many people build, work, and live on floodplains (areas adjacent to rivers created by many years of deposited sediment) despite the risk, putting themselves and their livelihoods at risk. Geo for CXC. Retrieved from http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2003/circ1245/. National Weather Service. ADDIS ABABA — Around 217,000 Ethiopians have been displaced by the worst floods in several decades, an Ethiopian minister has said. Ironically, flooding is common in areas that are prone to drought. Caption by Holli Riebeek. upstream of the Koka Reservoir). … Floods in the US: Where they happen and why? Land Ethiopia is unique as its highlands are one of the three main catchments for the Nile River, making this area extremely important for a huge number of people who depend on the Nile (approximately 10 countries with a total population of 280 million individuals). National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. Climate Dynamics, 43, 1645-1660. Orthographic lift occurs more often in areas around the trade winds (which is denoted as between the equator and 30 degrees) with high elevation. A picture posted by OWS Development Fund is which is operating in Somali Regional State, show the devastation of recent flooding. Most precipitation will occur on the windward side of the mountain ranges (or the side that is facing the oncoming wind). Almost 45% of Ethiopia is resting on a high elevation plateau with many mountains. (2008). Heavy rains cause fatal floods in Ethiopia and Somalia, 83,000 people had to be evacuated. This study was conducted in the Dire Dawa city watershed with the aims of assessing flood causing factors and to propose landscape based flood mitigation strategies. While the rains caused destructive flooding, they … According to state disaster… Some 500,000 people were so far affected, including some 300,000 displaced.” In a report of 06 September, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) said “heavy summer season (June-September) rains continue to cause flooding in many parts of the country. Most of the water comes between August and December. The flooding comes despite Ethiopia starting to fill the reservoir behind a giant new dam upstream on the Blue Nile in July. The objective of this study was to analyze flood hazard and inundation area mapping of Awash River Basin. In many river systems of Ethiopia, flood can cause a range of impacts and risks such as pollution of drinking water, death and injury, distraction of houses and lively hood, displacement, and distraction of the community and wildlife. The climate varies greatly depending on the topology and orthographic lift causes much of the rainfall to be deposited in the highlands. Blodgett, Ronbert H., & Keller, Edward A. Many impervious surfaces can be found in urbanized areas. Water is dark blue. Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa, at a latitude of 9 degrees North and 38 degrees East in longitude between the Red Sea, Arabian Sea, and the western Indian Ocean. The government in Ethiopia reports that unprecedented flooding caused by the overflow of the Awash River has displaced more than 144,000 persons in Afar Regional State. The Blue Nile begins in Lake Tana in the northwest Amhara region, and it provides an average of 58% of the Nileâs waters in Egypt, which is the most of any of the three main river sources. The flooding has also caused damage on properties and farms of the farmers who live in the surrounding. Clouds are light blue. NASA images courtesy the MODIS Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC. Cheung, W. H., Senay, Gabriel B., & Singh, Ashbindu. Speaking to Xinhua, Muferiat Kamil, Ethiopia Minister of Peace, said various parts of Ethiopia in recent weeks have experienced floods caused by rainfall levels that haven’t been seen for more than 30 years. The people were left stranded by flood water in Haro Hadi Town following the overflow of Awash River and Lake Bekele. The Belg is important for the lowlands in the south and southeast, because this is the main source of water for this region. Importance of the Nile Riverâs origins in Ethiopia, Weather systems affecting Ethiopian rainy seasons, Impact of El Nino events and Sea Surface Temperatures on rain in Ethiopia, Droughts and desert effects on floods in Ethiopia, Importance of the Nile River’s origins in Ethiopia, http://www.meteo-ethiopia.net/climate.htm. The floods also destroyed crops, cut off transport, and killed three people, said the United Nations. BY ELIZABETH EQUBAY – Flooding around Libo Kemkem area of Amhara region of Ethiopia today kills two people, state broadcaster reported.. The largest flows tend to occur at locations where topographically high areas are oriented perpendicular to path of storm clouds with high moisture content. Flight Center. Flat areas will lack precipitation, even if they are geographically near the moisture sources, because the absence of topographic relief in these areas will not experience as much precipitation and therefore less flooding. (See Drought in Eastern Ethiopia on the Earth Observatory. One of these is the Awash River Basin located in the Rift Valley and with a surface area of about 113,000 km2, which has the largest level of … The main cause of these regional seasons is due to the Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) in the Indo-Pacific region, which reaches east to Oceania and west to the Indian Ocean. flooding is limited to the lowland flat parts of the country. Flood is a natural disaster and causes loss of life and property destruction. However, intense rainfall in the highlands causes flooding of settlements in a number of river basins. Some floods occur abruptly and recede quickly whereas others take several days or even months to form and to recede because of var… (This phenomenon is known as orthographic lift). About 90% of the sediment for the Nile originates in the Ethiopian highlands and travels the course of the Blue Nile during floods. The floods forced more than 52,000 people to leave their homes along the Wabe Shabele and other rivers in the region, said the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. After circulating through the oceans, evaporating to the sky, condensing into clouds, and precipitating to land, water drains into streams and flows back to the ocean. Retrieved from http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2003/circ1245/. Weather systems affecting Ethiopian rainy seasons; Impact of El Nino events and Sea Surface Temperatures on rain in Ethiopia A long duration or rainfall in a large river watershed or short and heavy precipitation in a small watershed both cause large flows in rivers. Erosion of soil worsens flooding. Similarly, at least 20,000 flood-affected people were evacuated in Haro Hadi Town (since 1 September) as heavy summer rains continue to cause flooding in East Shewa zone in southern Ethiopia. There are three main seasons called the Kiremt (rainy season from June to September), Belg (light or sporadic rains from March to May), and Bega (dry season from October to February). Ethiopia: Thousands displaced by floods in Somali region. The number of displaced people has almost tripled from what it was in the middle of the current rainy season. The movement of storms coupled with location relative to sources of moisture (such as oceans) and the orientation of mountains effect where rain will fall, most often occurring when mountains are perpendicular to the direction of cloud and storm movement. How regional weather systems effect flooding in Ethiopia. While the rains caused destructive flooding, they may also have been beneficial. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Integrated Regional Information Networks. Bare or sparsely vegetated ground is tan. US Geological Survey Circular, 1245. Unusually large rainfall or snowmelt are examples of the weather and climate abnormalities that cause major floods, however human interactions can divert rivers and change the risk of flooding. At the end of October, the Famine Early Warning System Network had forecast a weak rainy season (averaged over the entire three to four month period) for the region, which would lead to food shortages. The region is prone to cycles of flood and drought. This process determines at any given point how much water flows in rivers and the potential of a river to overflow its banks causing damaging floods. Pale blue pools along the river are shallow, silt-laden water or muddy ground. Meanwhile, heavy summer season (June -September) rains continue to cause flooding in many parts of the country. National Meteorology Agency Director-General, Fetene Teshome, said intense rainfall in the rainy season could pose unprecedented flooding and land sliding risks in some parts of Ethiopia. Heavy rains starting on November 2 pushed several rivers in southeastern Ethiopia over their banks. ADDIS ABABA- (ENA) Unprecedented flood caused by the overflow of Awash River has displaced more than 144,000 persons and caused over 5 billion Birr damage in Afar Regional State. Record Floods Cause Deaths And Widespread Damage in Sudan | … Seasonal rains continued to increase in most parts of East Africa during the fourth week of April 2020, resulting in a significant increase in rainfall that caused the deadly floods in Ethiopia … The best way to avoid this extremely common natural hazard is by not building and settling on floodplains. A project done for GEOG 2137 at GWU, by Lotanna Obodozie, LJ Conley, Frankie De Cristofaro, and Alex Rodgers. Map of rainfall in Ethiopia. "I could hear people, perhaps my neighbors, screaming for help, but I could only fight for the survival of my family," Ahmed Sabrie, a … ADDIS ABEBA – Afar region has announced the unprecedented flood caused by the overflow of Awash River has left 144, 000 homeless and caused the destruction of properties worth over 5 billion Birr. These areas are often rich in nutrient rich silty-sediment which is good for growing crops, and often people encroach on floodplains in their development creating dangerously places houses and towns that are at risk if nearby rivers overflow their banks. Heavy Rains during August Cause Massive Floods in Ethiopia Ethiopia has appealed for millions of dollars in emergency relief for the country’s worst flooding in decades as hundreds of people have been killed and tens of thousands left homeless caused by flash … Flood usually occurs at irregular intervals and varies in magnitude, duration and the area affected by flood. International journal of Climatology, 28(13) 1723-1734. These different hazards occur In terms of weather, warmer air has higher capacity to hold water; the higher the topology (like mountains) the more likely a region is to experience orthographic lift thus causing precipitation. Retrieved from http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/atmos/hydro.htm. Many people live on floodplains despite the high hazard potential. The speed of water flowing through a river coupled with the depth of the river is called discharge and it can impact the riverâs erosion of the surrounding landscape. The loss of vegetation cover (by deforestation, drought, or other natural causes), loose soil, urbanization, land covered by impervious surfaces, and steep slopes are the main factors that affect the amount of soil erosion and thus increase the damage caused by flooding. This can be seen in Ethiopian flatlands to the south, which are closer to large water bodies such as the western Indian Ocean, but the central high plateaus of Ethiopia experience the majority of precipitation and flooding due to the high elevation and mountains in this region. Since mid-April, heavy rainfall and flash floods have washed away livestock, homes and public buildings in the Somali Region of Ethiopia, affecting over 165,000 people along the Shabelle river. Creating higher potential for damages to individuals, structures, agriculture, and livestock. Ethiopia is vulnerable to climate change induced disasters such as drought, epidemics, flood, conflict, earthquake, pests, wildfire and landslide, amongst others. Key factors include the general northward trend of decreasing atmospheric moisture, proximity to oceanic moisture sources such as the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea, and orientation of topographic features relative to directions of moisture flow (the high plateau and the mountains along the Rift Valley). The short rainy season in southeastern Ethiopia typically runs from October to January. The October weather forecast by the National Meteorology Agency (NMA) indicated that the expected dominantly above normal rainfall will prevail across the … The flooding is caused by overflow of Reb River and its subsidiaries, according to EBC report. Costa, Jon E., & OâConnor, Jim E. (2003). Ethiopia is in the midst of a rainy season which started in July and is expected to last until mid-September, which occasionally causes landslides and floods in some parts of the East African country. The steeper the slope along which a river flows, the affects the flow of water. 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