Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Cadmium is not well absorbed by the body when ingested, and consuming adequate calcium, iron, and zinc may help reduce cadmium absorp­tion further. Updates? It is resistant to corrosion. The most important cadmium compound is cadmium oxide, CdO. First discovered in Germany in 1817, cadmium found early use as a pigment because of its ability to produce brilliant yellow, orange, and red colors. Cadmium metal, granular ACC# 03720 Section 1 - Chemical Product and Company Identification: MSDS Name: Cadmium metal, granular Catalog Numbers: 61213-5000, C3-500 Synonyms: None. Cadmium is physically similar to zinc but is denser and softer. At low temperatures its action is primarily galvanic, while at high temperatures it oxidizes to form a barrier layer.…, In acute cadmium poisoning by ingestion, irritation of the gastrointestinal tract is the major toxicity, causing nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Most of the Cd is produced as a byproduct during the production of other metals, such as copper, lead and zinc. An important application of cadmium is its use as the anode with either nickel or silver oxide as the cathode and a caustic potash electrolyte in rechargeable electrical storage batteries for uses in which lower weight, longer life, and stability upon storage in discharged condition are desirable as in aircraft. The small quantities of cadmium added to the heavy metals strengthen them. Highlights references and information on controlling exposures to cadmium. Poisoning results from the inhalation of vapour or dust of cadmium. It is also raw material for cadmium salts, cadmium vapor lamp, smoke bomb, cadmium mercury reagent, alloys, welding flux and metallurgical deoxidizer and so on. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? $6.90 shipping. They have properties in common, but they also differ in significant respects. Cadmium is a metal that also occurs naturally in the environment. Requirements to protect workers from cadmium exposure are addressed in specific OSHA standards covering general industry, maritime, construction, and agriculture. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). One percent added to copper increases its strength and hardness with only a small reduction in electrical conductivity. Also known as: Cadmium sulfate 10124-36-4, Cadmium chloride 10108-64-2, Cadmium oxide 1306-19-0, Cadmium acetate 534-090-8 Chemical reference number (CAS): 7440-43-9 Cadmium is a metal found naturally in the earth's crust. 2 Cd (s) + O 2 (g) 2 CdO (s) Reaction of cadmium with ammonia. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Cadmium is a naturally occurring toxic metal with common exposure in industrial workplaces, plant soils, and from smoking. Cadmium is an incredibly toxic metal and is ever-present in our environment primarily due to industrial dumping. Most of the cadmium produced today is obtained from zinc byproducts and recovered from spent nickel-cadmium batteries. zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and copernicium (Cn). Cadmium is used extensively in electroplating, although the nature of the operation does not generally lead to overexposure. Cd does not react with NH 3 in its gaseous form until 255 °C. Cadmium plating is especially resistant to attack by alkali. Both zinc compounds were being examined because their purity as pharmaceuticals was suspect. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... 118 Names and Symbols of the Periodic Table Quiz. A rare element (about 0.2 gram per ton in Earth’s crust), cadmium occurs in a few minerals and in small quantities in other ores, especially zinc ores, from which it is produced as a by-product. With chronic exposure by inhalation, however, kidneys and lungs are the target organs. Cadmium melts and boils at relatively low temperatures; its vapour is deep yellow and monatomic. Cadmium is a non-nutritive metal considered harmful to the environment and to humans, affecting mainly kidney and the skeleton. Britannica Kids Holiday Bundle! Most cadmium produced is electroplated onto steel, iron, copper, brass, and other alloys to protect them for corrosion. Cadmium metal Metal: Silver-white, blue-tinged lustrous, odorless solid. Eye Contact Rinse immediately with plenty of water, also under the eyelids, for at least 15 minutes. Most cadmium is recovered in one of these three processes. Currently, a large percentage of global cadmium metal production takes place in Asia. Cadmium is also used in nuclear reactors where it acts as a neutron absorber. Cadmium became an important metal in the production of nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) rechargeable batteries and as a sacrificial corrosion-protection coating for iron and steel. Cadmium, chemical element, a metal of Group 12 of the periodic table. Zinc, cadmium, and mercury are metals with a silvery-white appearance and relatively low melting points and boiling points; mercury is the only common metal that is…, Electrodeposits of cadmium are also used for galvanic protection of steel. Silver-white and capable of taking a high polish, cadmium is nearly as soft as tin and, like tin, emits a crackling sound when bent; it can be rolled out into sheets. Today, according to the Minerals Education Coalition, cadmium is typically p… Pure cadmium is a soft, silver-white metal; however, it's unusual to find it in its pure form. One other compound of note, cadmium selenide (CdSe), is commonly precipitated by hydrogen selenide or alkaline selenides from solutions of cadmium salts. OSHA provides a publicly available Chemical Exposure Health Data which includes industrial hygiene sample results taken by OSHA field personnel during site visits. Cadmium (Cd) is a soft, malleable, bluish white metal found in zinc ores, and to a much lesser extent, in the cadmium mineral greenockite. This heavy metal is used in batteries, paints, plastics, electroplating etc. Aquatic fresh water and marine invertebrates are the most sensitive organisms to cadmium. Cadmium is a rare metallic element found in small deposits on almost every continent. In the case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical Workers may be exposed during smelting and refining of metals, and manufacturing batteries, plastics, coatings, and solar panels. The burning temperature is above the sublimations temperature of CdO, 1385 °C [5]. Cadmium is odorless and tasteless, and chemical analysis is most often required to detect its presence. This soft, silver-white metal was first used in paint pigments and as a substitute for tin in World War I. Cadmium is used mainly: in metal plating, Consequently, good protection is afforded by thin coatings of cadmium, and thus, in spite of its high price, it is frequently used for the protection of precision parts. Omissions? Cadmium is a soft white metal that, when plated onto steel, cast iron, malleable iron, copper, and powdered metal, functions as a "sacrificial coating," corroding before the substrate material. Cadmium in food Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal found as an environmental contaminant, both through natural occurrence and from industrial and agricultural sources. Exposure occurs mostly where cadmium products (such as batteries, pigments, metal coatings, and plastics) are made or recycled. Greenockite is the only mineral of any consequence that bears cadmium. Compost workers and waste collectors are also potentially exposed to dust which may contain cadmium. While lithium ion batteries have made significant gains in popularity for lightweight electronic devices, new market opportunities for industrial applications of Ni-Cd batteries will continue to fuel cadmium use. On its own or mixed with cadmium sulfide, it is widely used as a high-grade pigment. Its resistance to marine atmospheres is also superior to that of zinc. Learn about cadmium, which may raise your risk of lung cancer. Most of the cadmium produced today is obtained from zinc byproducts and recovered from spent nickel-cadmium batteries. Cadmium is found in cadmium fumes (CdO) and cadmium compounds. What is Cadmium? Because it efficiently absorbs thermal neutrons, it is used in control rods for some nuclear reactors. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Above 255 °C is unknown. Cd plates is a kind of reducing agent. Hot-dip aluminum-coated steel is used in the exhaust systems of automobiles. Cadmium Metal Pellet 99.9% Pure Element Sample in a PEGUYS Periodic Element Tile. It accumulates in the body through food and water, but also through the air we breathe and the environment in which we live. Cadmium is an important metal for many types of businesses and industrial processes. Cadmium is also found in some industrial paints and may represent a hazard when sprayed. Cadmium, cadmium sulfide and other variations of this metal are used in many things. Used in the manufacture of batteries, electrical conductors and metal plating. The metal is permanent in dry air, becomes coated with the oxide in moist air, burns on heating to redness, and is readily soluble in mineral acids. It is soft and malleable and can be cut with a knife. Increased investment in solar power will also drive cadmium use in the future. The level of exposure depends upon the dose, duration, and work being done. Cadmium is a natural element: all soils and rocks contain some cadmium. Cadmium is most often used in the manufacturing sector but worker exposure can also occur in other industry sectors including construction, wholesale trade, and transportation. Some lead ores also contain small quantities of cadmium, and, if it is present in sufficient quantity, it is recovered by a cycle of operations similar to that used by zinc smelters. It is similar in many respects to zinc but forms complex compounds. The resultant diatomic cadmium ion, Cd22+ (where cadmium is in the +1 oxidation state), is unstable in water and immediately disproportionates to cadmium metal and Cd2+. Arsenic compounds damage many organs. Workers involved in landfill operations, the recycling of electronic parts, or the recycling of plastics may be exposed to cadmium. Another compound of some economic value is cadmium sulfide, CdS. How well do you know their symbols? China, South Korea, Canada, Japan, and Kazakhastan led the world in cadmium refinement in the early 21st century. 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