In section 18A(1) of the Health Service Commissioners Act 1993... Data Protection Act 1998 (c. 29) 44. Accuracy is, of course, the key component of data quality, and vital for decision-making, research and oversight. For any questions write: USASpending.help@fiscal.treasury.gov. Telecommunications, Media & Entertainment, Seven Challenges to the DATA Actâs Success, www.datafoundation.org/data-act-vision-and-value-report, fcw.com/articles/2017/01/25/data-act-omb-mulvaney.aspx, A government perspective: Tech Trends 2020. Taking action against systemic bias, racism, and unequal treatment, Key opportunities, trends, and challenges, Go straight to smart with daily updates on your mobile device, See what's happening this week and the impact on your business. ↩, See for instance House Oversight Committee, DATA Act Implementation Check-In (hearing), December 8, 2016. The DAIMS structure and policy approach take into account agencies’ concerns about resource allocation, technical capacity and time constraints.47 For example, the DATA Act Broker was designed to help agencies validate their data and begin addressing quality issues with a minimum of additional effort.48 Interviewees generally agreed they believe most agencies would be ready to begin reporting data in May.49 But there is wide agreement that some data quality problems are to be expected in the initial release. As a tie-in to the pilot, HHS launched its Common Data Element Reporting (CDER) Library, a “federal- wide, online searchable repository for grants-specific data standards, definitions and context.” It includes the 57 DATA Act data standards as well as a growing set of thousands of data elements unique to grant reports.59 The CDER Library is a powerful tool that should be adopted for grantee reporting throughout the federal government. A podcast by our professionals who share a sneak peek at life inside Deloitte. As GAO has pointed out, this made the resulting data set subject to these systems’ documented accuracy problems. Many organizations heavily involved in passing the DATA Act have not yet participated in its implementation, possibly because they lack the technical expertise to comment effectively on the specifics of the resulting data structures. HHS managed the grant reporting pilot. This focus could pose a significant threat to the project’s future. In the real world, the place of performance might be most naturally identified by a mailing address, a political or administrative region or a geographic area. free flow of non-personal data (FFD)4, the Cybersecurity Act (CSA)5, and the Open Data Directive6. Appropriations bills and laws. Our interviews highlighted the need for education as implementation rolls forward. Each contains similar information in one of two formats (PDF/Excel). ↩, The DATA Act includes reporting requirements for agency inspectors general and the U.S. Comptroller General. GAO also noted that several of the established DATA Act definitions could lead to inconsistent reporting.16 In particular, GAO singled out the definition for Award Description and Primary Place of Performance as “imprecise and ambiguous.”17 For example, the “primary place of performance” for highway projects could be interpreted as the mileage marker closest to the actual work; the contractor’s headquarters; the state capital; or a city hall.18 A second definitional issue concerns the DATA Act’s mandate for a “single award identifier,” a common data element, centrally managed across all agencies, to identify every award of a grant or contract. It is clear that the community of spending-data consumers extends far beyond the executive branch. To expand the DAIMS as contemplated later in this paper, however, these resources may be inadequate. Once a government-wide consensus about the future of entity identification has been reached, Treasury and OMB should ensure that the DAIMS conforms to it, to provide certainty and ensure interoperability. ↩, Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation, “Governance Structure." 2 Commencement (1) Each provision of this Act specified in column 1 of the table commences, or is taken to have commenced, in accordance with column 2 of the table. See DATA Act at new Sec. Their financial officers are focused much more on meeting the DATA Act’s immediate requirements than on how the resulting data ultimately can be used. If congressional budgeters and appropriators begin relying on dashboards powered by the DAIMS to make spending decisions, agency managers will naturally gravitate to the same data for budget submissions – and, eventually, for other management activities. Less information has been made available about the contracting pilot, but OMB has testified that several agencies are collaborating on it.57 The grants portion of the pilot appears to be on schedule. Autumn Carter, Government Affairs, OpenGov, Inc. Kaitlin Devine, Department of the Treasury, Dr. Paul Eder, lead consultant, Center for Organizational Excellence, Bill Eggers, executive director, Deloitte Center for Government Insights, Shane Engel, senior manager, Deloitte Risk and Financial Advisory, Deloitte & Touche LLP, Steve Goodrich, president and CEO, Center for Organizational Excellence, Rob Gramss, principal, Deloitte Risk and Financial Advisory, Deloitte & Touche LLP, Dick Gregg, managing director, H.J. ↩, White House budget data hosted on Github, github.com/WhiteHouse/budgetdata. Prepared by Angela Kleis, SCS staff 8/5/2020 . SEC. Matt Rumsey is a consultant, researcher, and advocate with expertise in open data and transparency policy. This appendix briefly describes the inspiration for these mandates and some of the related technical details. Of course, the cultural and technical challenges are equally significant. The pilot, furthermore, applies only to certified payroll reporting and “does not clearly document how findings related to the centralized ... portal will be applicable to other types of required procurement reporting.”60, A congressional staffer praised OMB for trying to design an ambitious pilot but expressed serious concerns about the delays. M-15-12, May 8, 2015. At present, most federal managers must navigate a series of siloed systems – for financials, budgeting, resource management, awards and more – deployed within divisions, bureaus and program offices. Since GAO already questions the accuracy of agency submissions to legacy award databases, we can expect to see similar issues may exist with DATA Act award reporting. by Chris Brook on Wednesday April 8, 2020. Treasury and OMB therefore should establish a permanent, sustainable governance structure for data standards. Tasha has a BS and MS in Mathematics from North Carolina Central University in Durham, NC and an Executive MBA from Howard University in Washington, DC. The contracts portion, however, is nearly a year behind schedule and may derail the entire timeline for Section 5. The Treasury team reports significant feedback from agencies, but much less from external stakeholders. The challenges fall into two broad categories: cultural, since the DATA Act requires agencies to change the way they have “always” reported spending, and technical, since the DATA Act’s standardized formats and fields need key improvements to support its ambitious vision. The DATA Act represents the first attempt to unify three broad categories of reporting requirements for federal spending: cash-based agency budgets; accrual-based accounting data required by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 (the CFO Act); and award data required by FFATA and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA).41 To this end, the law requires the federal government to first apply standard data elements and a government-wide data format (or schema) to all federal spending and second to publish these standardized data as a unified open data set. To achieve the full promise of the DATA Act by 2022, the public-interest community must become reengaged. Instead, these roll-ups will occur automatically. Of course, the cultural and technical challenges are equally significant. ↩, Interview with Gary D. Bass, founder and former director of OMB Watch. 12-14. Sector-specific legislation on data access has also been adopted in … Legacy systems simply cannot allow this flexibility; the FPDS-NG’s Place of Performance field, for instance, requires a standard U.S. mailing address. ↩, Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board, Grants Reporting Information Project, p. 3 (“The ability to produce standard machine readable report files (e.g. Box 414, Iowa City, IA 52243-0414, USA Treasury has built open-source software, the DATA Act Broker, to help agencies report their data encoded in the DAIMS. ↩, Open Contracting Partnership, “About the Open Contracting Partnership." Once fully implemented, the DATA Act will change the whole federal information ecosystem from chains of disconnected documents into streams of freely flowing, interoperable data. ↩, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “Common Data Element Repository (CDER) Library.” CDER Library’s public version currently includes only 112 data elements while the full version, accessible to verified government users, contains up to 11,000. And outside groups’ educational programming can help provide agencies with the necessary skills and motivation. 1 Data Foundation and MorganFranklin Consulting, The DATA Act: Vision & Value by Frank Landefeld, Jamie Yachera and Hudson Hollister, July 2016, www.datafoundation.org/data-act-vision-and-value-report. He was nominated by President Obama on May 13, 2014 and confirmed by the United States Senate on July 17, 2014. The first three files are pulled directly from agency systems and deal specifically with financial information, while the final four represent awards data and rely on existing, government-wide systems – the FPDS-NG and the FAADS, as well as the Award Submissions Portal(ASP) and the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act Subrecipient Reporting System (FSRS). This report by Deloitte and the Data Foundation provides a vision for federal spending in 2022 and offers solutions to technical and cultural challenges to DATA Actâs success. 7-8. Tasha Austin (Deloitte & Touche LLP) is a Senior Manager in Deloitte’s Federal practice and has more than 16 years of professional services experiences involving commercial and federal financial statement audits, fraud, dispute analysis and investigations, and data analytics. All rights reserved.Copyright © 2017 Deloitte Development LLC. More importantly, perhaps, everyone – government officials, public-interest groups, academics, the press and private citizens – will be using the same information resources, a factor that ultimately may improve and solidify trust between government and society at large. The work spurred by the DATA Act has come a long way since it was signed into law in 2014, but the vision of freely-flowing and interoperable spending information faces significant challenges. ↩, Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, memorandum, “Increasing Transparency of Federal Spending by Making Federal Spending Data Accessible, Searchable, and Reliable,” by Beth Cobert, May 8, 2015, p. 4. Deadline: The Government Accountability Office (GAO) must issue a report assessing the completeness, timeliness, accuracy, and quality of all agencies’ spending data, plus their implementation and use of data standards, with additional reports in 2019 and 2021, under paragraph 6(b)(2) of FFATA (as added by the DATA Act). The CDER Library shows it is possible to map the range of data points recipients may need to consider, while the success of ARRA transparency requirements remind us of the power of standardization. The last of these reports is not due until November 2021. Social login not available on Microsoft Edge browser at this time. Unfortunately, the implementation of the DATA Act is so complex in detail and expansive in scope that many stakeholders simply can’t provide as much input and support as the Act’s implementers want. 9-10. Many federal agencies saw USASpending.gov as an external transparency platform, not an internal management tool. Building the DAIMS, the DATA Act Broker and a new version of USASpending.gov was an enormous challenge, but Treasury employed an agile development model that now serves as a leading practice across government. As noted above, the source systems for award data (FPDS-NG, FAADS, ASP and FSRS) have known data quality problems. OMB and Treasury already have achieved consensus on standard data elements and built a schema; in May 2017, it will become clear if their efforts have in fact produced a unified open data set. Consider again the previously-mentioned “Place of Performance” data element. Those implementing the DATA Act have shown determination and creativity so far. According to a key public interest representative who worked diligently in the congressional fight for passage of the DATA Act, philanthropic attention shifted away from spending data during the 2016 election cycle and subsequent political transition.27. A good data definition will accommodate such real-world variation while ensuring that each potential expression contains as much specificity as possible. Again, the grantee reporting portion of the pilot appears to be going smoothly and should be ready to issue its portion of the required report to Congress by the August 2018 deadline specified in the law. Before making any decision or taking any action that may affect your business, you should consult a qualified professional advisor. Treasury is considering how to educate users as they explore the new version of USASpending.gov; contractors are thinking about how to generate value from the new data sets. ↩, See for instance General Services Administration, Request for Information #15170001: Entity Validation Services, February 10, 2017, pp. Lawmakers have directed the Department of the Treasury (Treasury) and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to create government-wide standards for reporting spending data associated with Federal awards. The DATA Act represents the first attempt to unify three broad categories of reporting requirements for federal spending. This Act could provide, among other things, for: fostering B2G data sharing in the public interest Certain decisions made to ease agency compliance in the short term may not suitable to the long-term vision of the DATA Act. Even so, the data to be reported should provide a valuable resource for agencies and the public. This document is not a substitute for such professional advice or services, nor should it be used as a basis for any decision or action that may affect your business. The administration may be able to generate and compare financial metrics without manual research. The score release dates are based on estimates of past score releases. reasury and OMB should not be expected to manage the DAIMS and its data elements indefinitely; they are responsible for financial management, not policy-driven transformation. ↩, Interview with Congressional Oversight Staff. Representing the entire federal spending cycle in a unified, open data set will be a significant technical breakthrough, for example. And if the DAIMS is expanded to state and local spending, performance, awardee reporting, and other areas, as we recommend, the project will reach far beyond these agencies’ jurisdictions. If the DATA Act communityâlegislators, Treasury and OMB leaders, agency financial managers, contractors and civil society advocatesâcontinue their work, the vision of freely-flowing and interoperable spending data could be achievable by 2022. As a result, the systems needed to manage federal finances and awards will be cheaper to build and upgrade, perhaps with open-source software. Unsurprisingly, the site’s grant and contract award data were questionable at best. By 2022, a governance structure should be in place to ensure the DAIMS and its data elements are maintained and expanded. Education will be needed to further this engagement. DATA USA combines public data sourced from US federal and state agencies to visualize jobs, skills and education by geography. The Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (FFATA) required OMB to publish the contents of government-wide grant and contract databases assembled from agency reports.10 Because the reporting agencies did not use these government-wide databases themselves, however, they had no incentive to guarantee the accuracy of the data – and its quality suffered.11. The DAIMS, built upon 57 data definition standards finalized by OMB and Treasury, is intended to give “an overall view of the hundreds of distinct data elements used to tell the story of how federal dollars are spent.” It provides technical guidance to federal agencies as they decide what data to report to Treasury.42. Christina Canavan (Deloitte & Touche LLP) is a Managing Director in Deloitte’s Federal practice and has more than 16 years of professional service experience providing innovative and advanced data analytic solutions for both Federal agencies and Fortune 500 companies. The DUNS Number is proprietary. Our interviews confirm that DAIMS 1.0 is designed with agencies in mind and that, despite some delays, the data agencies report will be better for it. Building the DAIMS, the DATA Act Broker and a new version of USASpending.gov was an enormous challenge, but Treasury employed an agile development model that now serves as a leading practice across government. Last modified 06/25/20. The DATA Act requires more transparency in federal spending data and increases the types of spending data that agencies make available to the public. In 2015, it became an independent program housed within its fiscal sponsor, the Fund for the City of New York.31 The GLIEF was created by the Financial Stability Board after a call from the G20 for leadership “in developing recommendations for a global LEI and a supporting governance structure.”32 Both OCP and GLEIF show that multinational governance structures can be spun out of existing governmental or quasi- governmental programs. Please see www.deloitte.com/about to learn more about our global network of member firms. The DATA Act’s structure, with its common definitions for agencies, programs, and other concepts, could provide a model for the standardization of other federal data, easing future integrations. The DATA Actâs structure, with its common definitions for agencies, programs, and other concepts, could provide a model for the standardization of other federal data, easing future integrations. ACT-IAC is calling for other key advancements including optimizing the Federal workforce, investing in cybersecurity, driving intelligent automation, and … XML2) and to ‘bulk’ or ‘batch’ multiple grant reports in one XML file, regardless of agency or program, can significantly increase reporting efficiency”). He previously served as Senior Vice President for Strategy and Organization at a consulting firm, a position held since 2007. In the United States, Deloitte refers to one or more of the US member firms of DTTL, their related entities that operate using the "Deloitte" name in the United States and their respective affiliates. From 2004 to 2007, he was a Principal focusing on strategy and organization. Many states are already working to improve the quality of their own financial data; bringing their information into harmony with DATA Act standards would allow for a complete picture of all public-sector spending information nationwide. The following recommendations are directed primarily to Treasury and OMB, and secondarily to Congress, the executive branch, and private stakeholders. GAO has found that Treasury and OMB’s decision to rely on the FPDS and FAADS databases – rather than requiring agencies to extract award information directly from source systems – “raises concerns about the quality of the data” that will result.15 In addition, agencies may find it difficult to combine source-system data with previously compiled award reports. 113-101), the nation’s first open data law, is set to evolve beyond the law’s statutory implementation deadline of November 2021. ↩, U.S. Government Accountability Office, Data Standards Established but More Complete and Timely Guidance is Needed to Ensure Effective Implementation, p. 54. Under a General Services Administration contract, the federal government currently uses the Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS) Number as the exclusive identification code for grantees and contractors receiving federal funds. Base Index History (PDF) Adjusted Index History (Excel) Governor's Goals. When agencies begin to report data under the DATA Act in May 2017, the data should be generally consistent with the originating systems. Some peer evangelism will play a key role. The DAIMS focuses on expenditures rather than on receipts, and does not distinguish federal funds by source.34 The House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform recently has taken interest in receipts from sources other than taxes, some of which are not subject to the appropriations process.35 An expansion of the DAIMS to reflect federal funds by source, as well as expenditure category, could deliver a more complete picture of federal spending. The best way to ensure the data set continues to improve in quality and scope is to make the agencies themselves its primary users. Representing the entire federal spending cycle in a unified, open data set will be a significant technical breakthrough, for example. On May 9th, 2017, the DATA Act will produce the first unified open data set that covers all federal spending: the most valuable open data set in the world. GAO noted its concerns about the contractor reporting pilot at the end of 2016, reporting that data collection under the pilot would not begin until January or February 2017, at least seven months late and only a few months before the pilot was supposed to conclude. All adjoining shires and regions to the ACT are welcome to submit events. The cultural challenges require full engagement with stakeholders in the development of new processes and applications. Stop the clock, we need clarification! Discover Deloitte and learn more about our people and culture. Simply put, Treasury and OMB do not have the resources needed to permanently manage the DAIMS. Our interviewees acknowledged that the governance structure set up by the DATA Act, with Treasury and OMB solely responsible for developing and managing data standards, achieved the law’s basic mandates. But the programmatic changes needed to accomplish that will depend largely on the engagement of all the stakeholders involved. The technical challenges are related to the DAIMS architecture and the creation of a complete picture of federal spending. Data Foundation, 1003 K Street Northwest, Washington, DC, 20001, United States, Effective Data Governance: A Survey of Federal Chief Data Officers, Understanding-machine-readability-in-modern-data-policy, Future of Open Data: Maximizing the Impact of the OPEN Government Data Act, Ed. ↩, U.S. Government Accountability Office, OMB and Treasury Have Issued Additional Guidance and Have Improved Pilot Design but Implementation Challenges Remain, December 2016, pp. Lastly, then, but certainly not least, we recommend that policymakers consider how to conform state and local spending cycles to DATA Act standards and connect their spending transparency structures to the DAIMS. Standardized federal spending data, on its own, is useful for agencies, watchdogs, and the public. HHS, the most significant federal grant-making agency by dollar amount, was already considering how to standardize its spending data before passage of the DATA Act, and had already been working with OMB in this area, so its participation in the pilot project was a natural fit.58. Deloitte and The Data Foundation shall not be responsible for any loss sustained by any person who relies on this document. The Section 5 Pilot has been hampered by delays and internal politics, but this should not prevent the government from embracing the goal of standardized recipient reporting. ↩, See for instance Sunlight Foundation, “GAO Confirms USASpending Data Quality Problems ,” by Matt Rumsey, August 7, 2014. The staffer noted every piece of the pilot program must be complete before this section of the DATA Act can move forward. Their source systems, FPDS-NG and FAADS reporting requirements and reducing compliance costs while improving its reliability reducing. 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