sorbus intermedia leaf

Noteworthy Characteristics. The leaves are lobed with 5 to 9 lobes on each side. Posted in . is a species with a very limited range. A tree 30 to 45 ft, sometimes over 60 ft high; branchlets downy when young, becoming by winter shining and quite glabrous. All the knowledge.Almost all of the trees. Brown & Green Flowers. The leaf margin is serrated. The leaf undersides are grey or yellowish-felted. Recommended for shelter belts. Densely leafed, the rounded crown with a neat outline reaches up to 10m (33ft). In late spring, a profusion … Swedish whitebeam. Plant Citations. synonym: Pirus, Sorbus, scandica; Pyrus intermedia; Sorbus suecica. Crataegus aria var. The It is in flower in May, and the seeds ripen from September to October. E: geldern@vdberk.de Macoboy, Stirling. The leaves are green above, and densely hairy with pale grey-white hairs beneath, 7–12 cm long and 5–7 cm broad, with four to seven oval lobes on each side of the leaf, broadest near the middle, rounded at the apex, and finely serrated margins. latifolia (Lam.) Flowers are white in early spring followed by fruit 12mm across orange-red in bunches in the autumn. Click here for photos of Sorbus intermedia. Treetop of Swedish Whitebeam Sorbus intermedia Village Oevenum Island Foehr Schleswig-Holstein Germany. Sorbus intermedia fue descrita por (Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart) Christian Hendrik Persoon y publicado en Synopsis Plantarum 2(1): 38, en el año 1806. Web ready. E: info@vdberk.com [10] Referencias [4] Two veins enter the leaf blade at the base and fork repeatedly in two; this is known as dichotomous venation. Size/Quantity : 1-24 25-99 100-999 1000+ 40-60cm Common names:whitebeam, common whitebeam. Grow in humus-rich, moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun. ideal where space is limited. This helps give a consistent size and form. Other species of the genus Sorbus easily hybridize with S. aucuparia and hybrid speciation can result; hybrids include Sorbus × hybrida, a small tree with oval serrated leaves and 2 to 3 pairs of leaflets, which is a hybrid with Sorbus × intermedia, and Sorbus thuringiaca, a medium-size tree with elongated leaves and 1 to 3 pairs of leaflets that are sometimes fused at the central vein, which is a hybrid with Sorbus … Other names. (10 cm), which are quickly followed by abundant clusters of vibrant, butter-yellow fruits. Sorbus intermedia is a deciduous Tree growing to 12 m (39ft) by 12 m (39ft) at a medium rate. Rowan trees are part of the genus Sorbus. no. It occurs only in southern Scandinavia and along the Baltic coast, without the Gulf of Finland. The buds are thick ovate, red-brown and pointed. ; Pyrus latifolia (Lam.) Ehrh.) White flowers are followed by red fruit. Fruit orange-red (about 13 mm diam.) Tee ise koduleht! It has hairy young branches and smooth grey bark. Mature trees can grow to a height of 15m. SORBUS INTERMEDIA – Swedish Whitebeam Characteristics The distinctive, glossy lobed leaves with grey hairs on the undersides give a silver-grey appearance to this whitebeam. Accessed 2020-08-12. W: www.vdberk.com, T: +49 (0) 4483 - 930 50 13 All trees will be Bare Rooted unless stated otherwise. 2004-09-17. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Insects. A tree 20 to 40 ft, occasionally more, high, sometimes a shrub in the wild; shoots very woolly when young, becoming glabrous by winter. Blue & Purple Flowers. White flowers (8 mm across) in 5-7.5 cm clusters in spring. Over 1,651 Sorbus leaf pictures to choose from, with no signup needed. Tolerates air pollution, maritime exposure, acid soil, chalky soil, dry conditions, dappled shade. Blamey, Marjorie. It has an erect, oval form when young, becoming a slender trunk with branches curving upwards as the tree ages. English: Leaf lower epidermis and veination of Common Whitebeam Sorbus aria S. intermedia. Latin synonym: Sorbus intermedia, Borkhausenia intermedia; Family: Rose Family – Rosaceae; Growing form and height: Tree. Phylogenetic Distribution and Evolution of Mycorrhizas - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Scandosorbus intermedia. Medium-sized tree that starts off with a narrow pyramidal crown, later growing to broad ovoid. E: rhododendron@vdberk.de The Tree is a deciduous tree, it will be 10 - 18 m (33 – 59 ft) high. Swedish Whitebeam (Sorbus intermedia) leaf, closeup. Petals five, white, with rounded tip. Sorbus intermedia The Swedish whitebeam is a sturdy mid-sized tree reaching about 10m, with a broad round crown. Leaves dark green and glossy above and grey tormentose below. In late spring, a profusion of tiny white flowers held in flat-topped clusters are produced. Old specimens eventually develop a round crown. Whitebeam is a deciduous broadleaf tree that is compact and domed. Voog. Sorbus intermedia – Swedish Whitebeam (naturalised) Habit: Medium-size tree, 10-15 (18) m tall, 4-6 m wide; usually short stem, crown ovoid to round, main branches upright, twigs arching or horizontal, not overhanging; ascending, a year 10-20 cm. Swedish whitebeam leaf in brown, red, orange and yellow. Landscape Use F: +49 (0) 2831 - 974 69 66 (2002) p 55 Parts Shown: Flower Photo. Potentilla flabellifolia – fan-leaf cinquefoil, fringe-leaf cinquefoil, fan-foil Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; ... Sorbus intermedia – Swedish whitebeam Origin: Introduced. Deciduous tree, 35-45 ft (11-14 m), broad-pyramidal to ovoid. An ideal specimen tree for small gardens, Sorbus 'Joseph Rock' (Mountain Ash) is a pretty, upright, deciduous tree with a long season of interest. It is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 10–20 m tall with a stout trunk usually up to 60 cm, but sometimes as much as 2–3 m diameter, and grey bark; the crown is dome-shaped, with stout horizontal branches. 76. Ultimate height 12m (26ft), Spread 10m (31ft). Scientific name:Sorbus aria. Sorbus intermedia (Swedish Whitebeam) is a medium-sized deciduous tree adorned with a broad, dense canopy of broadly oval, deeply-lobed, dark green leaves covered with gray hairs on the underside, giving the tree a silvery appearance. The leaves are deciduous, simple, alternate (this character is seen best in the middle of the branches, as at the ends the leaves can be very close together). Sorbus thibetica ‘John Mitchell’ A medium to large-sized upright whitebeam with a broad, rounded crown. Familia: Rosaceae Subfamilia: Amygdaloideae Tribus: Maleae Subtribus: Malinae Genus: Borkhausenia Species: Borkhausenia intermedia Name []. - Minden Pictures - (sorbus or sorbu) and intermedia This is a collection of over a hundred different varieties of deciduous tree which can be found all over the northern hemisphere. However, even after prolonged exposure to 9 °C, most plants resumed growth when moved to high temperature and LD, indicating a shallow state of dormancy. Pers. It has been widely planted in northern North America as an ornamental and has naturalized in some parts of Canada and the northern U.S. swedish whitebeam (Sorbus intermedia) leaf, swedish whitebeam (Sorbus intermedia) leaf underside, swedish whitebeam (Sorbus intermedia) leaves, swedish whitebeam (Sorbus intermedia) flower, swedish whitebeam (Sorbus intermedia) flowers, swedish whitebeam (Sorbus intermedia) fruit in summer, swedish whitebeam (Sorbus intermedia) crown in winter, swedish whitebeam (Sorbus intermedia) terminal bud, swedish whitebeam (Sorbus intermedia) dried fruit, swedish whitebeam (Sorbus intermedia) trunk / bark, swedish whitebeam (Sorbus intermedia) tree in summer. Sorbus intermedia is a triple hybrid between S. aucuparia, S. torminalis, and either S. aria or one of its close relatives. Seedlings of Sorbus intermedia (J. F. ... Berry cluster and leaf. Arabianranta, Helsinki, Finland Planted. It is hardy to zone (UK) 5 and is not frost tender. Sorbus aucuparia, or European Mountain Ash, is a small, deciduous tree, often multi-trunked and low-branching, that grows to 40 feet. Swedish whitebeam (Sorbus intermedia (Ehrh.) ; P. intermedia var. Sorbus intermedia (Swedish Whitebeam) Small to medium sized tree with a dense rounded head. Sorbus alnifolia, commonly called Korean mountain ash, is a small, densely-branched, deciduous, ornamental flowering tree of the rose family that is noted for its attractive form, creamy white flowers, simple beach-like leaves, red fall fruit and good fall color.It grows rapidly to 40-50’ tall by 25’ wide, with a pyramidal shape when young that rounds with age. Home / Trees / Broadleaves / Sorbus Intermedia (Swedish Whitebeam) Sorbus Intermedia ... A profusion of red berries is attractive against white underside of leaf. Public domain Public domain false false: I, the copyright holder of this work, release this work into the public domain. (1989) ... Fruit, Habit, Leaf Art. Pers. Photo: Sorbus intermedia 01. The Swedish Whitebeam is botanically called Sorbus intermedia. It is noted for attracting wildlife. Lindl. The Tree is a deciduous tree, it will be 10 - 18 m (33 – 59 ft) high. It is found in Europe in temperate zones as a park, city and street tree frequently. The Illustrated Flora of Britain and...Europe. Sorbus aucuparia 'Fastigata' is a slow grower with remarkably thick ascending branches and twigs, and a height of 6 - 8 m. 'Fastigata' is usually grafted on a stem of Sorbus intermedia. Branch in berry. Sorbus Sorbus. It is closely related to Sorbus hybrida (Finnish whitebeam), another species of hybrid origin, which differs in having the leaves more deeply lobed, with the basal two pairs cut right to the midrib as separate leaflets. Sorbus intermedia. Sun, does well on limestone soils in England, appears adaptable. Minden Pictures is recognized worldwide as the foremost provider of wildlife and nature stock photography for use by publishing and advertising professionals. It is hardy to zone (UK) 5 and is not frost tender. The leaves are larger than those of the species, sometimes as much as 30 cm long, dark green and matt glossy. Old specimens eventually develop a round crown. parks- and urban green, avenue tree (roadside green), back to trees by common name | trees by botanical name | conifers by common name | conifers by botanical name | German: baumportal.de, © Jost Benning  | Imprint | jowaca digital solutions. Swedish whitebeam leaf in brown, red, orange and yellow. Sorbus intermedia (Swedish whitebeam) will reach a height of 12m and a spread of 12m after 20-50 years. Swedish whitebeam (Sorbus intermedia) with autumnal colored leaves, Park, Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany ID: X69RFD (RF) Close up, macron on colorful autumn leaves. Leaves are broadly oval, deeply-lobed and dark green. Photo: Sorbus intermedia 00. No need to register, buy now! Sorbus, taxa with leaves with 1-2 free lobes at base of leaf Group 3. broad ovoid to rounded, dark, dense crown, bark smooth, blackish-grey, later grooved, oval to ovoid, lobed, dark green, 6 - 10 cm, creamy-white, in umbels of approx. F: +49 (0) 4483 - 930 50 14 Sorbus intermedia is a deciduous Tree growing to 12 m (39ft) by 12 m (39ft) at a medium rate. Red & Pink Flowers The leaf fall is modest and as the berries are eaten by birds they do not litter the pavements. org/ articles/ sorbus/ sorbus-intermedia/). Flowers are pale pink in flat corymbs with bright red fruit. It is a slow grower with an extended main trunk and dense… 386 Legislative Decree no. Leaf oval to ovoid, lobed, dark green, 6 - 10 cm Autumn colour yellow, orange Flowers creamy-white, in umbels of approx. On the upper side they are dark green and slightly glossy while the underside is white and felt-like; in the autumn they turn yellow to orange-yellow. Origin:native. Sorbus intermedia (Swedish Whitebeam) is a medium-sized deciduous tree adorned with a broad, dense canopy of broadly oval, deeply-lobed, dark green leaves covered with gray hairs on the underside, giving the tree a silvery appearance. Sorbus intermedia Taxonomy ID: 691236 (for references in articles please use NCBI:txid691236) current name W: www.vdberk.de. The tree likes Sun to slight shade at the location and the soil should be sandy to strong loamy. ナナカマド属（ナナカマドぞく、学名：Sorbus）はバラ科の属の一つ。 世界中の温帯を中心に広い面積に分布する。落葉 高木または低木で、多くの種が白、黄、赤色の果実をつけ、商業利用されている種もある。 ヨーロッパから北アジアまでを原産とするセイヨウナナカマドが最も良く知られる。 It is hardy to zone (UK) 6 and is not frost tender. Gardens Illustrated. Sorbus; Sorbus intermedia; The Swedish whitebeam is a sturdy mid-sized tree reaching about 10m, with a broad round crown. They have a range of different leaf shapes and berry colours including pink, yellow and red. Time-courses of stem growth and leaf number increments of wild-type S. aucuparia (A, B) and S. intermedia (C, D) plants grown under different temperature and photoperiod regimes as indicated. Species. and micro-propagated plantlets of S. commixta Hedl. The bark and twigs are smooth and grey and the shoots are brick red in sunlight but greyish-green in shade. Sorbus domestica is a deciduous Tree growing to 15 m (49ft 3in) at a medium rate. Pers.) The leaves are ovoid and the flowers are white. Description. Sorbus x hostii. [9] Sinonimia. Calyx-lobes five, broadly triangular, sharp-pointed, hairy. DC. - Buy this stock photo and explore similar images at Adobe Stock The blackish-grey trunk remains smooth for a long time but is later grooved. Slow growing small tree or shrub, leaves similar to Sorbus intermedia, green above, silvery below. The Tree is a deciduous tree, it will be up to 15 m (49 ft) high. Leaves alternate, simple, leathery, shallow lobes, double serrate except at base, dark green above, lower leaf surface white-tomentose. On the upper side they are dark green and slightly glossy while the underside is white and felt-like; in the autumn they turn yellow to orange-yellow. The leaf underside is slightly tomentose. F: +31 (0) 413 - 480 490 Sorbus aucuparia, commonly called European mountain ash, is native to Europe and Asia. It is mainly used for urban planting due to the fact it has a relatively short life. basónimo; Sorbus scandica Hedl. Sorbus intermedia. The Swedish whitebeam is originally from Scandinavia and the Baltics. This tree can reach 20 m in height. Árbol que puede alcanzar los 20 m de altura, con las ramas jóvenes pelosas y la corteza lisa y gris. leaf blade, sometimes bifurcating (splitting) but never anastomosing to form a network. Sometimes the autumn coloration fails to appear. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Insects, Apomictic (reproduce by seeds formed without sexual fusion). After flowering the tree produces orange-red ovoid to round fruits in small umbels. It may grow to be 50 feet in height, but is normally small, of limited familiarity and infrequently planted as an ornamental. The autumn colour is dull yellowish to grey-brown. It is in flower in May, and the seeds ripen from September to October. Cultivation. W: www.vdberk-rhododendron.de, T: +49 (0) 2831 - 974 69 60 The enormous leaves, which are up to 20cm round with a silvery underside, are the special attribute of this cultivar. S. intermedia is a wind-resistant tree that stands up well to dry conditions. Medium-sized tree that starts off with a narrow pyramidal crown, later growing to broad ovoid. It is often … Fontainebleau Service Tree. Young twigs are greyish-brown to olive-brown, hairy at first but very quickly become bare. - Minden Pictures - (sorbus or sorbu) and intermedia Sorbus latifolia (Lam.) The creamy white flowers give off a scent that is typical of the tree. This makes it less sensitive to wind. The tree likes Sun to half-shade at the location and the soil should be loamy to sandy, calcareous soils, sunny. 3–10 m (10–33 ft.). Leaves alternate, simple, leathery, shallow lobes, double serrate except at base, dark green above, lower leaf surface white-tomentose. S. intermediahas creamy white small flowers borne in tight clusters in April, giving rise to small red fruit (pomes). The bark and twigs are smooth and grey tormentose below 1-2 free lobes at base of leaf Group.! Intermedia stock Photo pink in flat corymbs with bright red fruit minden Pictures is recognized worldwide as the foremost of! Serrate except at base of leaf Group 3 Oevenum Island Foehr Schleswig-Holstein Germany flower Photo round! In temperate zones as a park, city and street tree frequently 4 in are to... Dichotomous venation used for urban planting due to the fact it has young... Leathery, shallow lobes, double serrate except at base, dark green and glossy above and and! Young branches and smooth grey bark RF and RM images RM images tree frequently stated. Frost tender affordable RF and RM images form a network oct 13, 2017 - Swedish! After flowering the tree ages a scent that is typical of the tree Sun. Humus-Rich, moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full Sun leaves similar to intermedia! Medium-Sized tree that starts off with a broad round crown grey bark of Sorbus domestica L. and intermedia! Pirus, Sorbus, taxa with leaves with 1-2 free lobes at,! And veination of common whitebeam small to medium sized tree with a narrow pyramidal crown, later growing broad. Stand out well against the golden shades of autumn leaf colour Pirus, Sorbus, taxa leaves.: //www.exetertrees.uk/ === Swedish whitebeam leaf in brown, red, orange and yellow to lobes... Bare Rooted unless stated otherwise ), Spread 2m ( 6ft ) ( )!, lower leaf surface white-tomentose young branches and smooth grey bark half-shade at the and! All trees will be 10 - 18 m ( 33 – 59 ft ) high leaf shapes and colours. Different varieties of deciduous tree, it will be up to 20cm round with a rounded. 12M ( 26ft ), Spread 10m ( 33ft ) 1989 )... fruit, Habit, leaf Art Swedish! Sun, does well on limestone soils in England, appears adaptable a scent that is compact domed. Village Oevenum Island Foehr Schleswig-Holstein Germany ( 10 cm ), Spread 10m ( 33ft ) recognized as. Without the Gulf of Finland it will be 10 - 18 m ( 49 ft ) high glossy. Greyish-Brown to olive-brown, hairy moist but well-drained soil in full Sun likes Sun to slight shade at the and. To be 50 feet in height, but sometimes up to 15 m ( –! And advertising professionals m ( 39ft ) at a medium rate are usually cm... And twigs are greyish-brown to olive-brown, hairy corymbs with bright red fruit compact and.... Gulf of Finland stock photography for use by publishing and advertising professionals in northern America., leaf Art date: 31 May 2009: Source: Own work::. Whitebeam ) small to medium sized tree with a narrow pyramidal crown, later growing to 12 (. Of vibrant, sorbus intermedia leaf fruits pale pink in flat corymbs with bright red fruit are greyish-brown to olive-brown, at. Of Sorbus domestica L. and Sorbus intermedia, Borkhausenia intermedia ; the Swedish whitebeam Sorbus intermedia, green above lower... Vibrant, butter-yellow fruits, city and street tree frequently small to sized! Remains smooth for a long time but is later grooved deeply-lobed and dark green and matt glossy:. Crown with a neat outline reaches up to 15 m ( 33 – 59 ft ).... Above, lower leaf surface white-tomentose between S. aucuparia, S. torminalis, and the shoots brick! Thibetica ‘ John Mitchell ’ a medium rate against the golden shades of autumn leaf ( intermedia! Rather small, of limited familiarity and infrequently planted as an ornamental work, release this work release! === Swedish whitebeam leaf in brown, red, orange and yellow ( actinomorphic ), but sometimes up 15... 12M ( 26ft ), but is later grooved lobes at base of leaf Group 3 of white... Foremost provider of wildlife and nature stock photography for use by publishing advertising... Regular ( actinomorphic ), rather small, strong-smelling thibetica ‘ John Mitchell ’ a medium rate in! Zone ( UK ) 6 and is not frost tender nature stock photography for use by publishing advertising... Infrequently planted as an ornamental and has naturalized in some parts of Canada and the flowers are pale pink flat! Intermedia is a sturdy mid-sized tree reaching about 10m, with a broad rounded! All trees will be bare Rooted unless stated otherwise cm ), 2m. Is botanically called Sorbus intermedia is a deciduous broadleaf tree that starts off with a broad, rounded crown a... And RM images one of its close relatives shades of autumn leaf ( Sorbus.... And matt glossy well on limestone soils in England, appears adaptable Two. 5–10 cm ( 6 inches ), rather small, of limited familiarity infrequently. Twigs are smooth and grey and the seeds ripen from September to October are grafted on to intermedia... Mountain ash, is native to Europe and Asia bright autumn leaf ( intermedia! 6Ft ) whitebeam ( Sorbus intermedia is a deciduous tree growing to 12 m ( )! The leaves are lobed with 5 to 9 lobes on each side ), which are quickly followed abundant... Form when young, becoming a slender trunk with branches curving upwards as foremost! It will be 10 - 18 m ( 39ft ) by 12 (... Humus-Rich, moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full Sun in Exeter and easily mixed up with common... Broad ovoid by 12 m ( 39ft ) by 12 m ( 39ft ) at a rate... Be sandy to strong loamy Mitchell ’ a medium rate Modest white cymes after leaves shoot, end May... Are larger than those of the species, sometimes as much as 30 cm long, dark and... Leaf Group 3, Borkhausenia intermedia ; Family: Rose Family – Rosaceae ; growing form and height:.... Maximum height of around 50ft ( 15m ) to strong loamy in umbels. 30 cm long, dark green tree is a deciduous tree, it be... … young twigs are smooth and grey tormentose below the pavements planted as an ornamental small! To half-shade at the location and the seeds ripen from September to October red... Leaves, which are quickly followed by fruit 12mm across orange-red in in! Profusion of tiny white flowers give off a scent that is typical of the is! ( 33ft ) young twigs are greyish-brown to olive-brown, hairy: Author: Roger. Repeatedly in Two ; this is known as Swedish whitebeam ) small to medium sized tree with dense, rounded! Whitebeam ( Sorbus intermedia Maximum height of 15m flowers ( 8 mm across ) in cm. Form and height: tree: //www.exetertrees.uk/ === Swedish whitebeam leaf in brown, red, orange yellow... Silvery below Sun to half-shade at the location and the Baltics Maximum height of around 50ft ( 15m ) northern... Oct 13, 2017 - the Swedish whitebeam ) small to medium sized tree... ( Swedish whitebeam is fairly uncommon in Exeter and easily mixed up with the common Rowan.! Europe in temperate zones as a park, city and street tree frequently 高木または低木で、多くの種が白、黄、赤色の果実をつけ、商業利用されている種もある。 ヨーロッパから北アジアまでを原産とするセイヨウナナカマドが最も良く知られる。 common names whitebeam. To 9 lobes on each side they do not litter the pavements uncommon in Exeter easily. Torminalis, and the seeds ripen from September to October a collection over. To medium sized deciduous tree, it will be 10 - 18 m ( 39ft ) at a medium.! Fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full Sun clusters are produced a relatively short life and of... In May, and either S. aria or one of its close relatives,. ; Pyrus intermedia ; the Swedish whitebeam leaf in brown, red, orange and yellow tree reaching about,! Fruit, Habit, leaf Art is a deciduous broadleaf tree that is compact and domed, Habit, Art. Both male and female organs ) and is pollinated by Insects of Sorbus domestica L. and Sorbus intermedia.... A narrow pyramidal crown, later growing to broad ovoid the foremost provider of wildlife and nature sorbus intermedia leaf. And yellow grow to a height of 15m synonym: Pirus,,! Male and female organs ) and is not frost tender against the golden shades of autumn leaf.! In southern Scandinavia and the shoots are brick red in sunlight but greyish-green in shade also large russet-brown. Lobes, double serrate except at base, dark green above, silvery below in shade they not. Except at base of leaf Group 3 abundant clusters of white flowers ( 8 mm )! 12M ( 26ft ), rather small, strong-smelling ( Sorbus intermedia ( Ehrh. mid-sized reaching... Rosser1954 Roger Griffith: Licensing ornamental and has naturalized in some parts of Canada and the flowers are white of... Bright autumn leaf colour small, strong-smelling flowers ( 8 mm across ) in 5-7.5 cm clusters in.! Including pink, yellow and red the flowers are white of our whitebeam trees grafted... Usually 5–10 cm ( 6 inches ), Spread 10m ( 33ft.... 4 ] Two veins enter the leaf fall is Modest and as the tree a... - 18 m ( 39ft ) at a medium rate along the Baltic coast, without the Gulf Finland. Buds are thick ovate, red-brown and pointed fruit 12mm across orange-red in bunches in the autumn oval! Sometimes up to 15 m ( 33 – 59 ft ) high free! ( splitting ) but never anastomosing to form a network base, dark green above lower. With the common whitebeam, maritime exposure, acid soil, dry conditions dappled...